南帕斯凝析油存储挥发与安全影响分析

南帕斯凝析油产自于伊朗,在炼制过程几乎不残留油渣,因而倍受炼油企业青睐。南帕斯凝析油中硫化氢及硫醇硫等有毒气体的浓度较高,在储存过程中由于储罐呼吸现象的存在,有毒气体挥发量较大。一旦有毒气体挥发量超出《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值》中规定的限值,极容易引发安全事故。南帕斯凝析油的这一特性给企业安全工作带来了很大挑战。以分析南帕斯凝析油理化性质以及存储设备设施现状为基础,运用储罐大小呼吸计算公式定量计算出有毒气体的挥发量及在空气中的含量;并且以呼吸阀口为连续性点源建立气体扩散模型,根据高斯定律推算出下风向各点有毒气体浓度值,从而划分防护等级区域并制定相应的安全操作要求,为企业存储安全提供有效的防护方案。     

Park gazettement and integrated conservation and development as factors in community conflict at Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Uganda

Conflicts between protected-area managers and local people are common, but the drivers of conflict are rarely analyzed. This limits opportunities to identify strategies that reduce conflict and the magnitude of resulting threats to conservation. Integrated conservation and development (ICD) was adopted at Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Uganda, to reduce conflict during gazettement of the national park, but the success of this approach remains contested. We retrieved documents of conflict written by park staff and local people from 1986 through 2000 (before, during, and after gazettement). We extracted data on 48 incidences of violent conflict and categorized them by gazettement period, area, instigator, and type to undertake a historical analysis of the triggers of violent conflict at Bwindi. Before and during gazettement, local villagers instigated most of the conflict incidents when law-enforcement efforts sought to halt commercial activities within Bwindi. No conflict arose from the arrest of villagers collecting subsistence resources during these periods. After gazettement, prohibitions on commercial activities continued to drive conflict even though villagers collecting subsistence resources were arrested more frequently than before gazettement, and local attitudes toward the park had improved following receipt of ICD benefits. Law-enforcement efforts targeted commercial activities to reduce this threat to Bwindi's mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei), although the activities remained important income sources for people in villages near Bwindi. Losing commercial income following gazettement therefore appeared to be their primary motivation for instigating conflict with park rangers. Prohibitions on subsistence resource use triggered conflict less often. Our use of typologies for a multivariate conflict analysis demonstrates that by identifying differences between effects of conservation as drivers of conflict, conflict analysis can enable a more strategic deployment of conflict-resolution measures that could further conservation efforts. At Bwindi targeting ICD toward individuals who lost benefits from commercial activities may strengthen the role of ICD in conflict resolution and conservation.     

超深竖井掘进岩爆特征及防治措施

由于会泽矿3#超深竖井（施工深度达1 526 m）的工程地质条件,在竖井开挖到一定深度后有不同程度的岩爆现象显现,其中两次比较严重的岩爆发生的位置埋深较深,井筒深度达到1 400 m以上。为此建立了井壁地应力监测系统,对岩爆的发生进行预测。根据井壁周边不同深度布置的4个点处的应力变化曲线分析,总结了地应力分布规律,4#位置（东偏南70°）井壁受测压力最大,最大水平主应力可以达到120 MPa以上,其方位与最大主应力方向相符。结合3#竖井工程岩爆现象的分析,以及岩爆发生的特征,给出了预防岩爆所采取的工程措施,为此类工程施工制定岩爆防治措施提供了科学依据。     

浅析我国目前的环境执法

分析了我国目前的环境执法及影响环境执法的原因,提出了环境执法建议。     

医疗纠纷的预防与应对

随着社会的进步,人民生活水平的提高,人们运用法律武器保护自己的权益已逐渐成为常识．病人对自身健康的保护意识、经济意识也在不断增强,故医疗纠纷时有发生．一旦发生医疗纠纷,医院所消耗的人力、财力、物力、精力是无法估量的．笔者从医疗纠纷的预防和处理两方面进行分析与阐述,强调医护人员提高服务意识、法律意识、预防为主意识的重要性,从而从根本上防止医疗纠纷的发生．参2．     

燃气爆炸荷载下隧道砌体损伤规律与事故影响范围研究

为降低隧道内燃气爆炸时砖砌体抛射物造成人员伤亡的概率,以中缅油气管道隧道砖砌体为研究对象,建立3种不同类型砖砌体的数值模型,将燃气爆炸荷载简化为三角形荷载,基于LS-DYNA软件,研究燃气爆炸荷载下隧道砖砌体结构的损伤规律与砖砌体抛射物的潜在影响范围.研究结果表明:砖砌体在天然气爆炸荷载作用下,可能会发生整体破坏,产生...     

市域快线高架段运行噪声特性测试与分析

通过实测成都轨道交通18号线高架段运行噪声,分析了其噪声源强及水平传播特性.根据《环境影响评价技术导则城市轨道交通》(HJ 453—2018)中的预测模式对各受声点A声级进行预测,将预测结果与实测结果进行对比分析,结果表明预测效果较好,可用于新建市域快线高架段噪声预测.     

新时期我国环境社会风险的演变、特征与法律因应

伴随着多重社会转型同时进行的经济社会的跨越式发展，我国已进入风险社会阶段。在此背景下，结合从环境法视角对我国环境社会风险的演变历程进行梳理，不难发现现行规制体系尚无法周全应对我国面临的新情况、新问题。当前我国环境社会风险呈现出阶段风险叠加、地区差异明显、科学不确定性增强、域内外风险交融的显著特征。应在整体系统观的指导下，立足风险预防原则，平衡行政权力的扩张与控制，识别风险差异的类型化预防，开展社会化协力防控，以为法律因应。     

兰州市空气污染物的变化规律与特征

论述了兰州市 1 993～ 1 996年间 ,室内外空气污染物 ,特别是一些非常规监测指标 ,如 PM1 0 、PM2 .5～ 1 0 和 PM2 .5 的污染规律和分布特征。结果表明兰州市仍以尘污染为主 ,PM1 0 在 TSP中平均占 3 3 %左右 ,而 PM2 .5 占了 PM1 0 的大部分     

污染源自动监控设施监督管理的探

就《污染源自动监控设施运行管理办法》的基本内容和对运行单位的基本要求，以及环境监察、环境监测和环保局如何正确履行各自监督管理职能等方面进行探析。